Photography was first invented in the 1800s, inspired by the “camera obscura.”
A camera obscura is a dark room with a small hole on one side, projecting an image onto the opposite wall. It doesn’t create a permanent image; someone would trace the image onto the wall to capture the image.
Photography as we know it came into being when French inventor Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the first permanent photograph.[1]
Using a camera obscura, he projected an image onto a pewter plate coated with a light-sensitive material instead of a wall.
Niepce’s partner in experimentation, Louis Daguerre, continued to refine the photographic process after Niepce’s death, creating the silver-plate Daguerreotype process.[1]
Today, you don’t need silver plates and heavy equipment to take photographs — anyone can become a photographer using their smartphone, a film camera, or a single-lens digital camera (also known as a DSLR).
Below, we list the top words and phrases to describe photography.
Our list includes photographic styles and techniques, characteristics of photography, and adjectives that describe photography.
Opulent
photos that look luxurious and rich
Candid
pictures of people in motion, taken spontaneously rather than posed by the photographer
Black and white
photographs shot on colorless film or processed digitally to appear in a monochromatic color scheme
Conceptual
can describe photos that portray a photographer’s vision rather than strict reality
Digital
photos taken with a digital camera or smartphone
Urban exploration photography
sometimes shortened to “urbex”; photos of the urban habitat, including abandoned buildings and ruins
Golden hour photography
photographs taken during the hour before sunset or after sunrise; makes use of the natural golden light
Macro
close-up photographs of tiny creatures or objects, such as bugs, water droplets, snowflakes, and flowers
Technical
referencing the skills needed to take good photographs
Studio photography
photos taken in a dedicated studio space rather than a natural environment
Communicative
conveys information
Wildlife photography
photographs of animals in their natural habitats
Historical
can describe significant photos or those taken in the past
Street photography
photographs taken in common areas (such as sidewalks) and capturing ordinary moments of life
Colorful
can describe photos that make use of bold shades, either naturally in the subject matter or through editing
Delicate
can describe a photo’s subject (like flowers) or the overall mood of the image
Architectural
photographs of buildings and other structures like bridges
Photojournalism
storytelling of newsworthy events through photographs
Fine art photography
photographs taken for the sole purpose of portraying a message or concept
Focused
can describe photos that make their subject a strict focal point
Amateur
photos taken by an inexperienced or hobby photographer
Family photography
posed or candid images of families, typically commissioned by the family to display in their home
Adventure photography
photographs that capture activities like hiking, backpacking, climbing, and camping
Portrait
photographs where the main subject is one or more people
Editorial photography
photographs taken to illustrate an article for a magazine or newspaper
Travel photography
photographs that capture the unique aspects of life in different parts of the world; can include candid shots, street photographs, or posed portraits
Long exposure
photographs made by using a slow shutter speed, which blurs moving objects
Lifeless
can describe a photo with little energy or interest
Documentary photography
photographs that document a specific aspect of life; differs from photojournalism (number 99 on our list) in that the subjects aren’t always newsworthy
Intense
can describe images that convey strong emotion
Event photography
photographs taken at weddings, concerts, parades, and other events
Product photography
a subset of commercial photography which captures specific products for sale; for example, the individual product images on an e-commerce website
Intelligent
can describe photos that are technically sound and have good composition
Balanced
can describe a photo with a good composition
Business photography
photos taken for marketing purposes, such as a portrait of a company’s CEO or images of waitstaff serving customers at a restaurant
Surreal
photographs depicting unusual scenes and unique perspectives; can consist of photos with eerie or supernatural effects added in post-processing
Offbeat
unconventional
Compelling
can describe photos that are thought-provoking and emotionally gripping
Lifestyle photography
captures images of people in real-life scenes, such as eating a meal or playing a game with friends
Generic
can describe photos that aren’t particularly unique or creative
Abstract
uses color, shadow, texture, shape, or light as the subject rather than representing reality
Landscape
pictures of natural or artificial scenery, such as a valley or a city skyline
Composite
prints created by combining multiple images into one during post-processing
Contemplated
can describe images with a somber or thoughtful mood
Aerial photography
photographs taken from a high altitude, such as those taken with drones
Monochromatic
photos that use only one color
Pet photography
photographs of domesticated animals, such as cats and dogs
Film photography
photographs taken on physical film rather than digitally
Commercial photography
photographs taken to sell a product
Newborn photography
a type of family photography that focuses specifically on posed images of newborn babies; may or may not include the baby’s parents
Professional
photos taken by an experienced or career photographer
Emotional
makes the viewer feel emotions
Intriguing
evokes the viewer’s curiosity or interest
Artistic
referencing the creativity required to take good photographs
Daring
can describe photos taken in extreme conditions or with unusual compositions
Infrared
photographs that capture infrared light
Inspiring
gives the viewer the urge to do or feel something
Graceful
can describe the subject of a photo
Altered
can describe heavily edited photos, such as composites
Ironic
can describe photos with a sense of irony or amusement
Satirical
describes photos that parody real life
Inspired
can describe photos that are creative and forward-thinking
Astrophotography
pictures of space, usually taken through a telescope
Mysterious
describes photos that have unclear or curious subjects
Night photography
photos taken at night, in low light; includes long exposures, time-lapses, and flash photography
Formal
can describe pictures taken in a formal setting or dressed-up portraits
Neutral
can describe photos without any bold colors or compositions
Classic
can describe photos with a traditional composition
Time-lapse
a series of frames showing the movement of a subject; for example, a series of photos showing the stages of a building’s construction
Detailed
can describe photos with complex compositions or close-up images that show details
Panorama
several stitched-together photographs providing a wide view of the subject; often used in landscape photography
Energetic
describes photos with a lot of movement or intensity
Tacky
can describe photos that aren’t tasteful in subject matter or composition
Iconographic
describes photos with traditional and conventional subject matter, such as representations of religion
Minimalist
photographic compositions with limited elements; for example, a picture of a lake where only one boat is visible
Casual
can describe photos taken without much posing or as a hobby
Imaginative
describes photos that are creative and clever in composition and subject matter
Framed
describes a photo that has been printed and prepared for display
Double exposure
a style of photography that merges two images into one, either through editing software or through film development techniques
Expressive
can describe photos that evoke strong emotion
Still life
pictures of everyday inanimate objects
Pinhole
a photographic technique that uses a tiny hole to capture the image rather than a lens
Tasteful
photos with a good aesthetic and appropriate subject matter
Painterly
can describe photos that are particularly artistic or look like paintings
Futuristic
describes photos that portray innovation and modernity
Indoor
photos of interior scenes, such as a home or workplace
Underwater
photos taken with a submerged, waterproof camera
Polished
can describe photos that look sophisticated and elegant
Ultraviolet
captures images of light from the ultraviolet spectrum
Fashion photography
photography that focuses on clothing, shoes, and accessories
Flash photography
photos taken with a quick burst of artificial light from the camera or an external flash device
Satin
can describe the texture of a printed photograph
Holiday photography
captures holiday celebrations or themes, such as Christmas, Kwanzaa, and Hanukkah
Real estate photography
interior and exterior photos of properties that are available for sale or rent
Timeless
photos with a classic aesthetic that could suit any time period
Quirky
can describe photos with unusual subject matter or style
Semi-gloss
can describe the texture of a printed photograph
War photography
a type of journalistic photography focused on capturing front-line images of armed conflicts
Matte
can describe the texture of a printed photograph
Primitive
can describe early photographic technologies or photos that have a classic, simplistic aesthetic
Sports photography
photographs of athletes, coaches, and fans taken during sporting events
Blue hour photography
photographs taken during the hour after sunset or before sunrise; makes use of the natural cool-toned light
Glossy
can describe the texture of a printed photograph
Visual
made to be seen
Captivating
holds the viewer’s interest
Persuasive
persuades the viewer to do or believe something
Evocative
brings strong feelings to mind
Provocative
causes a strong reaction
Creative
involves imagination and original ideas
Activity: Understanding the Growth of Photography
The photographic process has evolved a lot over time. To better understand it, look up the following terms:
- Camera obscura
- Daguerreotype
- Calotype
- Collodion process
- Dry plates
- Kodak
- 35 mm
- Color film
- DSLR
- J-SH04
You can even find examples of each of these eras of photography using your favorite search engine’s image search.
What differences do you notice in these processes? How has the photographic process become simpler over time?
Notice, as well, how photographic styles have changed over time. Portraits were once the most common type of photography. Is that still true today?
For an added challenge, use some words from our list above to describe the images you find!
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